If we refer to Surat At-Tawbah the verse states
If you do not aid the Prophet - Allah has already aided him when those who disbelieved had driven him out [of Makkah] as one of two, when they were in the cave and he said to his companion, "Do not grieve; indeed Allah is with us." And Allah sent down his tranquillity upon him and supported him with angels you did not see and made the word of those who disbelieved the lowest, while the word of Allah - that is the highest. And Allah is Exalted in Might and Wise (Quran 9:40)
When the 12r Shias refer to this verse they come to conclusion which is contrary to what the Ahle Sunnah conclude.
From 12r Shia prospective their conclusion toward Abu Bakr (ra) in reference to the Quran 9:40 is
a) Abi Bakr (ra) was with the Prophet (pbuh) he has no right to have any fear.
b) Fear cannot be an attribute of a momin
c) Fear is a sign limited to hypocrisy.
d) Since Abi Bakr (ra) was in the state of fear Allah did not sent down tranquility on him.
e) The verse of tranquility is singular and not plural.
Now with the points stated above I will provide counter arguments, and present why the 12r Shia interpretation is flawed.
The 12rs Shia state that ``fear cannot be an attributed to momin.`` To counter this argument the verses of Quran will be used to prove this is not the case. In the Quran, when Prophet Musa (as) saw his stick turn into a snake what was his immediate reaction? Let us refer to the Quran.
"And throw down your stick!" But when he saw it moving as if it were a snake, he turned in flight, and did not look back. (It was said): "O Mûsa (Moses)! Fear not, verily! the Messengers fear not in front of Me. (Qur'an, 27: 10) Allâh said:"Grasp it, and fear not, We shall return it to its former state, (Qur'an, 20: 21)
Here Allah (swt) tells an infallible Prophet (as) not to have fear.
Further Allah (swt) address the momin in Surrat al Fussiiat, not to have fear.
In Surrat al Fussilat Allah (swt) says
Verily those who say our Sustainer is Allah and they proceed straight-forwardly their visitations will be with Angels who come to them and say "don't fear and don't grieve/feel sad, we are your supporters/allies/reinforcement in this worldly life…" (Surah Al Fussilat verse 30)
Here the momins are address in the same way Abi Bakr (ra) was addressed. Therefore, how can one conclude the fear cannot be attributed to a momin? If ‘fear is sign of hypocrisy’ then what about the verses above ?
Next the 12rs claim that the “The verse of tranquility is in singular and not plural. This is actually a correct statement. However, it was Abi Bakr (ra) who was in fear and not the Prophet :[S.A.W.W]: . Therefore, tranquility descended upon Abi Bakr (ra). The Prophet (pbuh) was already in a tranquil state before the verse was revealed.
Now with all the conclusions pointed out by the 12r Shia, I will like to point out the double standards of the 12r Shia interpretations and conclusions. The major chief of the 12r sect is Hisham ibn Hakam. They consider to be the greatest sahabi of Imam Jafar as Sadiq (as). This man in his debates was the first man to attack Abi Bakr (ra) about the incident of the cave. Below I will site Hisham’s view which was later adopted by the 12rs.
Hesham: If you think, God was pleased about the sadness of Abu Bakr, then why did the Apostle of God tell him not to be sad. Did the Prophet [s] prohibit him from committing the acts to please God? If you deem, God was not pleased with the grief of Abu Bakr, then can you be proud of a thing which was contrary to that of God's pleasure. O' man you yourself know better what God has said in their respect: Thus the Creator sent His peace and tranquillity to His Prophet and believers"
http://www.imamreza.net/eng/imamreza.php?id=7766
Hisham attacks Abi Bakr (ra) however, later the tables turn on him. In the end of his life Hisham ibn Hakam himself was put in a state of fear which gave him heart problems and resulted to his death. If you refer to his biography by you will see that he feared the Abbasid rulers of the time. Here is his incident with Haroon Al Rasheed.
Haroon who was very much annoyed and alarmed by the matter considered the speeches of Hesham as the biggest danger to the caliphate, and had decided several times to kill Hesham. He had warned him of his death, especially on that very day when Yahya ibn Khaled had arranged the meeting by the order of Haroon and he had listened to the convincing speech of Hesham personally and had sworn to kill him. At last he called for Hesham and ordered to imprison and kill him. So, Hesham had to escape to Kufa and hid away for some time in the house of Bashir Nabbal where he was too ill. However much they asked him to see a doctor he would refuse saying: I shall die and shall not recover from this illness. Finally Bashir brought a few doctors. When they finished their examinations Hesham asked them about his illness. Some of them said: We do not know what the illness is, and others told him something else as a result of their examinations. Hesham said: You are telling a lie; my illness is due to my heart trouble which is affected by the fear I have. It cannot be treated. (ibid)
Lastly, the ibn Hakam’s life is concluded.
It was because of this obstinacy and intrepidity that the caliph had decided several times to kill him and at last due to anxiety, fear and serious heart trouble, Hesham sacrificed his life. (ibid)
Now we ask the 12r Shia if fear is only restricted to hypocrites then what was Hisham ibn Hakam's position ? If tranquility cures a momin then why didn’t it cure Hisham ibn Hakam’s heart problems ?
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