From the above verse I will post the 12r exegesis.
The 12rs claim "Ali ibn abi Talib, Abbas ibn Abd al Muttalib, Abu Sufyan ibn Harith and Abdullah ibn Masud were the only four persons who stayed with the Holy Prophet. Some say there were ten persons who did not run away. Ali stood in front of the Holy Prophet and stopped every attack made by the enemy to slay him."
http://quran.al-islam.org/
So in their view only 4-10 people assisted RasoolAllah (sawas)
According to the 12rs the Shia among the sahaba were than 4-10. In the tradition below an evolved definition of the Shia among the sahaba is developed.
وَالْوَلايَةُ لامِيرِ الْمُؤْمِنِينَ وَالَّذِينَ مَضَوْا عَلَى مِنْهَاجِ نَبِيِّهِمْ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ وَلَمْ يُغَيِّرُوا وَلَمْ يُبَدِّلُوا مِثْلِ سَلْمَانَ الْفَارِسِيِّ وَأَبِي ذَرٍّ الْغِفَارِيِّ وَالْمِقْدَادِ بْنِ الأَسْوَدِ وَعَمَّارِ بْنِ يَاسِرٍ وَحُذَيْفَةَ بْنِ الَْيمَانِ وَأَبِي الْهَيْثَمِ بْنِ التَّيِّهَانِ وَسَهْلِ بْنِ حُنَيْفٍ وَعِبَادَةِ بْنِ الصَّامِتِ وَأَبِي أَيُّوبَ الأَنْصَارِيِّ وَخُزَيْمَةَ بْنِ ثَابِتٍ ذِي الشَّهَادَتَيْن ِ وَأَبِي سَعِيد الْخُدْرِيِّ وَأَمْثَالِهِمْ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ وَالْوَلايَةُ لاتْبَاعِهِمْ وَأَشْيَاعِهِمْ وَالْمُهْتَدِين َ بِهُدَاهُمْ السَّالِكِينَ مِنْهَاجَهُمْ رِضْوَانُ اللَّهِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَرَحْمَتُهُ
Imaam al-Ridhaa said: And the friendship with the Commander of the Faithful (s) and with those who followed the way of their Prophet (s), and who did not change their way such as Salman al-Farsi, Abu Tharr al-Ghifari, al-Miqdad ibn al-Aswad, Ammar bin Yasir, Hothayfa al-Yamani, Abil Haytham ibn al-Tayyihan, Sahl ibn Honayf, Ubada ibn As-Samit, Abi Ayyoub Al-Ansari, Khozayma ibn Thabit Thull-Shahadatayn, Abi Sa’eed al-Khodri and the like - may God be pleased with and have Mercy upon them - is obligatory. And the friendship with their followers who have been guided along their path - may God be pleased with them - is obligatory
From the above tradition the number of people exceeds 4-10. Does this mean the shia among the sahba ran way ? If we stick with first tradition which says 4 people assisted the Prophet (sawas), does this mean Salman Farsi (ra), Abu Dharr (ra), Miqdad (ra) and Ammar Yassir (ra) ran away ? If we stick other numbers does this mean the other shia among the sahaba ran away ?
Since, Aql is the major component in 12r sect, I will use show you how it can use it expose the contradictions in the 12r aqeeda.
Why are 12rs so obsessed by accusing the Sahaba of running away ? The answer is simple. They believe Imam Ali (as) pointed this out in Najh Al Balagha in a letter exchange between himself and Muawaiyah.
While it was the practice of the Holy Prophet (s) that whenever a battle was raged and his companions behaved cowardly or ran away from the battlefield (as in Badr, Uhud and Hunayn) which was usually the case or started making the Muslims nervous (as in Khandaq), he sent members of his family (Bani Hashim) to fight out the battle to protect his companions. (Nahjul Balaagha - Letter 9)
Yet in the Sunni version of this letter which is presented in in the Ansab of al-Baladhuri and the Wa'qat Siffin by al-Minqari, Imam Ali (as) doesn't mention the sahaba running away.
With this in mind if the wars against the Ummavis and Kuffar, only needed a few people for its victory, why did Imam Ali (as) have to do taqiyyah against people who he supposedly claim were cowards in Saqifa ? Why did Imam Ali (as) have to back down in the arbitration after Siffin ? Why did Imam Hassan (as) have to make peace with Muawiyah, if only 4-10 are required to win a war. What happened in Karbala when 72 people were present which exceed the number 8-10, yet in the end Imam Hussain (as) was martyred. In your sect Imam Ali (as) couldn't even protect his wife from those people who you claim always ran away.
Its as if Imam Ali (as) shows Muawiyah that his supporters are not loyal, and then Muawiyah uses it against him and becomes the King.
The Sunni view does not accept that Umar (ra) ran away.
أَبَا قَتَادَةَ، قَالَ: لَمَّا كَانَيَوْمَ حُنَيْنٍ نَظَرْتُ إِلَى رَجُلٍ مِنَ المُسْلِمِينَ يُقَاتِلُ رَجُلًا مِنَالمُشْرِكِينَ، وَآخَرُ مِنَ المُشْرِكِينَ يَخْتِلُهُ مِنْ وَرَائِهِ لِيَقْتُلَهُ،فَأَسْرَعْتُ إِلَى الَّذِي يَخْتِلُهُ، فَرَفَعَ يَدَهُ لِيَضْرِبَنِي وَأَضْرِبُيَدَهُ فَقَطَعْتُهَا، ثُمَّ أَخَذَنِي فَضَمَّنِي ضَمًّا شَدِيدًا، حَتَّى تَخَوَّفْتُ،ثُمَّ تَرَكَ، فَتَحَلَّلَ، وَدَفَعْتُهُ ثُمَّ قَتَلْتُهُ، وَانْهَزَمَ المُسْلِمُونَوَانْهَزَمْتُ مَعَهُمْ، فَإِذَا بِعُمَرَ بْنِ الخَطَّابِ فِي النَّاسِ، فَقُلْتُلَهُ: مَا شَأْنُ النَّاسِ؟ قَالَ: أَمْرُ اللَّهِ
Narrated Abu Qatada: We set out in the company of Allah's Apostle on the day (of the battle) of Hunain. When we faced the enemy, the Muslims retreated and I saw a pagan throwing himself over a Muslim. I turned around and came upon him from behind and hit him on the shoulder with the sword He (i.e. the pagan) came towards me and seized me so violently that I felt as if it were death itself, but death overtook him and he released me. I followed 'Umar bin Al Khattab and asked (him), "What is wrong with the people(fleeing)?" He replied, "This is the Will of Allah," After the people returned, the Prophet sat and said, "Anyone who has killed an enemy and has a proof of that, will posses his spoils." [Sahih al-Bukhari, Book 53, Hadith 370]
The narration does not mention that 'Umar (ra) ran away. The reality of the matter is that 'Umar ibn al-Khattab and Abu Bakr (ra) and others from amongst the Mouhajirun and the Ansar have stood their ground and defended the prophet SAWS unlike what the lying Shi'ites claim!
We read the SAHIH Hadith in "Musnad Ahmad" volume 23 page 274 Hadith #14731:
حديث مرفوع حَدَّثَنَا يَعْقُوبُ , حَدَّثَنَا أَبِي , عَنِابْنِ إِسْحَاقَ , عَنْ عَاصِمِ بْنِ عُمَرَ بْنِ قَتَادَةَ , عَنْ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِبْنِ جَابِرٍ , عَنْ جَابِرِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ
فَانْطَلَقَ النَّاسُ إِلَّا أَنَّ مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ صَلَّىاللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ رَهْطًا مِنَ الْمُهَاجِرِينَ وَالْأَنْصَارِ، وَأَهْلِ بَيْتِهِغَيْرَ كَثِيرٍ، ثَبَتَ مَعَهُ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أَبُو بَكْرٍ وَعُمَرُ،وَمِنْ أَهْلِ بَيْتِهِ، عَلِيُّ بْنُ أَبِي طَالِبٍ، وَالْعَبَّاسُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْمُطَّلِبِ،وَابْنُهُ الْفَضْلُ بْنُ عَبَّاسٍ، وَأَبُو سُفْيَانَ بْنُ الْحَارِثِ، وَرَبِيعَةُبْنُ الْحَارِثِ، وَأَيْمَنُ بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ وَهُوَ ابْنُ أُمِّ أَيْمَنَ، وَأُسَامَةُبْنُ زَيْدٍ، قَالَ: وَرَجُلٌ مِنْ هَوَازِنَ عَلَى جَمَلٍ لَهُ أَحْمَرَ فِي يَدِهِرَايَةٌ لَهُ سَوْدَاءُ فِي رَأْسِ رُمْحٍ طَوِيلٍ لَهُ أَمَامَ النَّاسِ، وَهَوَازِنُخَلْفَهُ
Ya'qoub narrated from his Father from Ibn Ishaq from 'Assim ibn 'Umar bin Qatada from 'Abdul-Rahman ibn Jabir from Jabir ibn 'Abdullah:
The people retreated but the Prophet SAWS was accompanied by a group from the Mouhajirun and the Ansar and his Ahlul-Bayt, Those who held their ground and stayed with him were Abu Bakr an 'Umar and from his Ahlul-Bayt 'Ali ibn abi Talib and al-'Abbas bin 'Abdul-Mutallib and his son al-Fadl and Abu Suffiyan bin al-Harith and Raba'iyah bin al-Harith and Ayman bin 'Ubeid and he is ibn Umm-Ayman and Usamah ibn Zaid, he said: and a Man from Hawzan (until the end of the narration).
This is also mentioned in the book "Majma'a al-Zawaed" under "Kitab al-Maghazi wal Siyar" in the chapter "Ghazwat Hunein" Hadith # 10265:
وعن جابر بن عبد الله قال : لما استقبلنا وادي حنين قال : انحدرنا في واد من أودية تهامة أجوف حطوط إنما ننحدر فيه انحدارا ، قال : وفي عماية الصبح ، وقد كان القوم قد كمنوا لنا في شعابه ، وفي أجنابه ، ومضائقه ، قد أجمعوا وتهيئوا وأعدوا
قال : فوالله ما راعنا ونحن منحطون إلا الكتائب قد شدت علينا شدة رجل واحد ، وانهزم الناس راجعين فانشمروا لا يلوي أحد على أحد
وانحاز رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - ذات اليمين ، ثم قال : " إلي أيها الناس ، إلا أن مع رسول الله - صلى الله عليه وسلم - رهطا من المهاجرين والأنصار ، وأهل بيته غير كثير
وفي من ثبت معه أبو بكر وعمر ، عليهما السلام ، ومن أهل بيته علي بن أبي طالب ، والعباس بن عبد المطلب ، وابنه الفضل بن عباس ، وأبو سفيان بن الحارث ، وربيعة بن الحارث ، وأيمن بن عبيد وهو ابن أم أيمن ، وأسامة بن زيد ، عليهما السلام
قال : ورجل من هوازن على جمل له أحمر ، في يده راية له سوداء في رأس رمح له طويل أمام الناس وهوازن خلفه ، فإذا أدرك طعن برمحه ، فإذا فاته الناس رفع لمن وراءه فاتبعوه
So as we can clearly see from the authentic texts a group from the Mouhajirun and the Ansar remained with the prophet SAWS when the people retreated and amongst them were Abu Bakr and 'Umar may Allah be pleased with them, and not only did 'Umar (ra) fight but he also received two female captives as recorded in Bukhari:
Narrated Nafi: 'Umar binAl-Khattab said, "O Allah's Apostle! I vowed to observe Itikaf for one dayduring the Pre-lslamic period." The Prophet ordered him to fulfill his vow. 'Umar gained two lady captives from the war prisoners of hunain and he left them in some of the houses at Mecca. When Allah's Apostle freed the captives of hunain without ransom, they came out-walking in the streets. 'Umar said (to his son), "O Abdullah! See what is the matter." 'Abdullah replied, "Allah's Apostle has freed the captives without ransom." He said (to him), "Go and set free those two slave girls." [Sahih al-Bukhari Book 53 Hadith 372]
Also what is ironic is the Sahabi Abu Qatada (ra) who narrated the ahadith about Hunain and actually ran way, later fought under Imam Ali (as) in Siffin. On top of that Abu Saeed Khudri (ra) who the 12r later accepted as a shia did not even participate in the battles of Siffin or Jamal. On top of that Umar (ra) wanted to fight against the Romans and Persians and it was Imam Ali (as) who stopped him.
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